Monthly Energy Index

	Oil Price and Expenditures
1	Price of a barrel of oil, July 25, 2006:	$73.46
2	Price of a barrel of oil, July 25, 2005:	$58.16
3	Price of a barrel of oil, January 2001:	$29.59
4	Percentage increase in price between January 2001 and July 2006:	148
5	Highest trading price for a barrel of oil in nominal dollars, set on July 14, 2006:	$78.40
6	Inflation-adjusted high in real dollars, set in December 1980	$86.99
7	Estimated number of Americans who lose their jobs when the price of oil increases by 10 percent:	150,000
8	GDP lost when the price of oil maintains a 10 percent increase for three months:	$87-175 billion
9	Costs of oil and petroleum product imports to the U.S. in the month of May 2006:	$27.88 billion
10	Percent increase from April to May 2006:	17
11	Costs of oil and petroleum product imports from OPEC countries in the month of May 2006:	$13.6 billion
12	Percentage increase in costs from May 2005 to May 2006:	45
13	Estimated amount per barrel that speculation is adding to oil prices:	$25-30
14	Estimated amount per gallon that speculation is adding to gasoline prices:	60 cents
15	Amount Americans will send overseas to buy imported oil in 2006:	$232 billion
16	Percentage of Middle East oil the President set a goal of displacing by 2025 in his State of the Union Address:	75
17	Percentage of total oil imports this represents in 2025:	14
18	Percentage of total oil imports the Democrats’ plan would displace by 2020 from all sources:	40
	Summer Vacation
1	Predicted average gasoline price this summer:	$2.88
2	Average gasoline price last summer:	$2.37
3	Average gasoline price in the summer of 2001:	$1.53
4	Percentage increase in gasoline costs for a 500-mile trip from the summer of 2001 to the summer of 2006:	88
5	Amount more American consumers are paying per day for gasoline than they paid last year:	$279 million
6	Percentage increase in airline ticket prices since this time last year:	11
7	Percentage increase in hotel room prices:	10
	Oil Profits
1	Amount of profits the five largest oil companies made in the second quarter of 2006, their largest combined quarterly profit ever:	$34.5 billion
2	Percentage increase over the second quarter of 2005:	36.4
3	Percentage increase over the second quarter of 2004:	74
4	Amount of profits the five largest oil companies made in the first quarter of 2006:	$28.2 billion
5	Amount of profits the five largest oil companies made in 2005:	$111 billion
6	Percentage increase over the previous year’s profits:	36
7	Percentage increase over 2001 profits:	158
8	Company that now holds the record for largest profits by a U.S. company in the third quarter:	ExxonMobil
9	Amount of profits refiners received per barrel of gasoline in September 2004:	$7
10	Amount of profits refiners received per barrel of gasoline in September 2005:	$22
11	Amount of profit refiners received per barrel of oil in April 2006:	$19.10
12	Percentage increase from April 2005:	60
13	Cash on hand at the end of 2005 for eight large oil and refining companies:	$57.8 billion
14	Percentage increase in cash on hand for these oil and refining companies since 2001:	500
15	Percentage increase in capital investment and exploration by these companies since 2001:	100
16	Percentage rate of return on capital investments made by these companies in 2005:	29.4
17	Amount ExxonMobil has invested in non-petroleum energy supply and production:	Negligible
	Gasoline
1	Retail price of a gallon of regular gasoline, July 31, 2006:	$3.00
2	Retail price of a gallon of regular gasoline, August 1, 2005:	$2.29
3	Retail price of a gallon of regular gasoline, January 17, 2001:	$1.47
4	Percentage increase in price between January 2001 and July 2006:	104
5	Inflation-adjusted highest price for a gallon of gasoline, set in 1981:	$3.20
6	Barrels of gasoline the U.S. consumes daily:	9 million
7	Barrels of gasoline the U.S. consumes annually:	3.33 billion
8	Weeks in 2001 when the price of gas was above $2 per gallon:	0
9	Weeks in 2005 when the price of gas was below $2 per gallon:	10
10	Weeks in 2006 when the price of gas was below $2 per gallon:	0
11	Weeks in 2005 when the price of gas was above $3 per gallon:	1
12	Weeks in 2006 when the price of gas was above $3 per gallon:	2
	Diesel
1	Retail price of a gallon of diesel, July 31, 2006:	$2.98
2	Retail price of a gallon of diesel, August 1, 2005:	$2.35
3	Retail price of a gallon of diesel, January 22, 2001:	$1.53
4	Percentage increase in price between January 2001 and July 2006:	95
5	Amount lost by the trucking industry for each penny increase in the cost of diesel:	$350 million
	Transportation Fuel Costs
1	Estimated household costs for transportation fuel in 2006:	$3,052
2	Average household costs for transportation fuel in 2001:	$1,520
3	Percentage increase in annual fuel costs:	101
4	Estimated costs for a household with children for transportation fuel in 2006:	$3,815
5	Amount of increase in yearly costs for a household with children for every 10 cent increase in the average price of gas for the year:	$143
6	Percentage of U.S. households that spent about one tenth of their total income just on gasoline in 2005:	20
7	Number of gas stations in the U.S.:	168,987
8	Number of gas stations that offer ethanol blend E85:	700
9	Number of those gas stations located in a single state (Minnesota):	189
	Electricity
1	Percentage increase in electricity costs in the last year	7.8
2	Percentage increase in electricity costs since 2001	18
3	Amount saved in residential electricity expenses by 2025 if a national renewable portfolio standard (RPS) were enacted:	$2.7 billion
4	Amount saved in residential natural gas costs by 2025 if a national RPS were enacted:	$2.9 billion
5	Amount saved by all U.S. sectors on electricity and natural gas costs by 2025 if a national RPS were enacted:	$22.6 billion
6	Percentage reduction of electricity-sector carbon dioxide emissions if a national RPS were enacted:	7.5
7	Number of states with RPS:	22
8	Number of times the Senate has passed Democratic-sponsored legislation providing for a national RPS since President Bush took office:	3
9	Number of times the Bush Administration and Congressional Republicans have blocked a national RPS since President Bush took office:	3
10	Number of states in which utilities offer “green pricing,” allowing consumers to pay a small premium for renewable electricity sources:	36
11	Percentage increase in households that chose green pricing in the last year:	20
12	Amount President Bush pledged to invest in the Clean Coal Power Initiative (CCPI) over ten years:	$2 billion
13	Amount the President has requested for CCPI in his last six budget requests combined:	$535 million
14	Amount the President requested this year:	$5 million
	Energy Efficiency and Conservation
1	Amount of public benefit for every federal dollar invested in energy efficiency research and development:	$17
2	Amount of private sector investment generated by every dollar of federal investment in efficiency technologies:	$15
3	Amount by which the Bush 2007 budget cuts energy efficiency and conservation programs at the Department of Energy:	$21 million
4	Percentage decrease for energy efficiency research in the Bush 2007 budget compared to 2001 appropriated funding:	56
5	Percentage savings on household energy bills by switching to Energy Star appliances:	30
6	Amount the Energy Star program saved American consumers in 2002:	$7 billion
7	Amount of savings in 2005:	$12 billion
8	Cut to Energy Star funding in the Bush 2007 budget:	$2.1 million
9	Percentage of energy efficiency funding authorized by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 included in the Bush 2007 budget:	23
10	Percentage by which leaders in corporate energy management outperform their competitors on Wall Street:	20-30
11	Amount of incremental asset value generated by commercial building owners for each $1 invested in energy improvements:	$2-$3
12	Rank of federal government in consumption of energy in the U.S.:	1
13	Amount provided to the Energy Efficient Public Building program in the Bush 2007 budget:	$0
14	Percentage cut to the Federal Energy Management Program in the Bush 2007 budget:	10.6
15	Average fuel economy (miles per gallon) of a passenger car in the U.S.:	24.6
16	Average fuel economy of an SUV:	18.5
17	Average fuel economy of a pickup:	17
18	Number of years for which U.S. average fleet fuel economy has been relatively stagnant:	20
	Climate Change
1	Hottest year on record (in terms of global average temperature):	2005
2	Percentage increase in the amount of land destroyed by forest fires today compared to 1970:	650
3	Number of days added to annual fire season between 1987 and 2003:	78
4	Percentage of U.S. land currently in drought conditions:	60
5	Percentage of houses within 500 feet of U.S.coasts that may be lost to rising sea level by 2060:	25
6	Percentage of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions contributed by buildings:	15
7	Proposed funding in the Bush 2007 budget for the Building Codes Training and Assistance program, which develops energy efficient building codes:	$0
8	Total global annual emissions of greenhouse gases in 2005 (in billion tons):	33.7
9	Increase in annual U.S. carbon dioxide emissions (in metric tons) since President Bush took office:	171 million
10	If that increase were a country’s annual emissions, its rank among all countries:	24
11	U.S. rank among all countries for total carbon dioxide emissions:	1
12	Percentage of world carbon dioxide emissions generated by the U.S.:	23
13	Percentage of world carbon dioxide emissions generated by China:	15
14	Percentage of world carbon dioxide emissions generated by India:	4.5
15	Year in which China is projected to surpass the U.S. as the largest emitter of carbon dioxide:	2014
16	Year in which China’s and India’s combined emission are projected to surpass the U.S.’s annual carbon dioxide emissions:	2007
17	Year in which China’s and India’s combined cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide will surpass those of the United States already in the atmosphere for the period 1950-2000:	2018
18	Percentage of global greenhouse gas emissions from automobiles that comes from automobiles in the U.S.:	50
19	Percentage of cars in the world that are driven in the U.S.:	30
20	Frequency with which China opens a new coal-fired power plant large enough to serve a city the size of Dallas:	every 7-10 days
21	Lifespan of one of those plants, which are often equipped with antiquated pollution controls:	75 years
22	Greenhouse gas emissions (in tons) per person in the U.S.:	24.5
23	Greenhouse gas emissions (in tons) per person in China:	3.9
24	Greenhouse gas emissions (in tons) per person in India:	1.9
25	Atmospheric concentration (in parts per million) of carbon dioxide 215 years ago:	280
26	Atmospheric concentration (in parts per million) of carbon dioxide today:	382
27	Last time atmospheric concentrations were as high as they are today:	Over 650,000 years ago
28	Estimated amount per year ExxonMobil contributes to organizations that question the human role in global warming:	$1 million
29	Number of scientific studies, out of 928 abstracts published in scientific journals between 1993 and 2003, that disputed the role of humans in contributing to global warming:	0
	Heating Fuels
1	Estimated cost to heat a home for the winter of 2005-2006:	$892
2	Cost to heat a home for the winter of 2001-2002:	$551
3	Percentage increase in cost between 2001-2 and 2005-6:	62
4	Percentage increase in cost of heating a home with natural gas:	86
5	Percentage increase in cost of heating a home with heating oil:	121
6	Proposed funding for the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) in the Bush 2007 budget:	$1.78 billion
7	Annual funding for LIHEAP authorized in the Energy Policy Act of 2005:	$5.1 billion
8	Savings in energy costs over the life of a home for every $1 spent on home weatherization:	$2.10
9	Proposed funding for the Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP), which helps low-income families weatherize their homes to reduce energy costs, in the Bush  2007 budget:	$225 million
10	Cut proposed to WAP in the Bush 2007 budget:	$91.8 million
11	Annual funding WAP is authorized to receive in the Energy Policy Act of 2005:	$600 million

 

SOURCES

 

Oil Price and Expenditures

1.  EIA, This Week in Petroleum. (August 2, 2006) (http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/twip/twip.asp)

2.  EIA, This Week in Petroleum. (August 2, 2006)

3.  EIA historical data, Cushing, OK WTI spot price. (http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/hist/rwtcm.htm)

4.  Calculated from references 3 and 1.

5.  Associated Press, “Oil Prices Top $78, Settle in above $77” (July 14, 2006)

6.  USA Today, “National Gas Price Nears $3 Threshold” (July 11, 2006)

7.  According to economists at the Federal Reserve Board and the Universities of Kent and Warwick in the United Kingdom, a 10 percent increase in the price of oil will likely increase the unemployment rate by 0.1 percent over the course of the following year.  According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, there are currently 151,000,000 non-farm payroll employees in the United States.  Therefore, a 0.1 percent increase in unemployment means a loss of 151,000 jobs.  Source: Alan Carruth, Mark Hooker, and Andrew Oswald, “Unemployment Equilibria and Input Prices: Theory and Evidence from the United States,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, v. 80, n. 4, 1998, p. 621.

8.  CRS Report RL31608, The Effects of Oil Shocks on the Economy: A Review of the Empirical Evidence. (January 18, 2006) According to survey of relevant literature conducted by CRS, a 10 percent increase in oil prices, sustained for a 3-month period, will likely reduce GDP growth by 0.7 percent to 1.4 percent over the next year.  According to the CIA World Factbook, U.S. GDP in 2005 was $12.49 trillion.  Therefore, a 0.7 to 1.4 percentage point reduction in the economic growth rate would result in an $87 billion to $175 billion drop in economic growth over the next year.

9.  U.S. Census Bureau Federal Trade Division, May 2006 Monthly Trade Highlights. (released July 13, 2006) (http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/highlights/monthly.html)

10.  Wall Street Journal, “Trade Gap Widens to $63.84 Billion on Oil Bill” (July 13, 2006)

11.  U.S. Census Bureau Federal Trade Division, May 2006 Monthly Trade Highlights.

12.  U.S. Census Bureau Federal Trade Division, U.S. Imports of Crude Oil. (http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/historical/index.html)

13 and 14.  Washington Post, “Oil Prices Inflamed by Fear” (July 14, 2006)

15.  EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2006, ref. case table 11. (http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/aeoref_tab.html)

16.  President Bush, State of the Union Address. (January 30, 2006)

17.  EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2006, ref. case table 11.

18.  Calculation based on EIA projections for total oil imports in Annual Energy Outlook 2006. S. 2829 sets a goal of saving about 6 million barrels of oil per day.

 

Summer Vacation

1.  EIA Short Term Energy Outlook. (July 11, 2006)

2.  EIA Short Term Energy Outlook. (July 11, 2006)

3.  EIA Short Term Energy Outlook. (September 2001)

4.  Calculations from price estimates in EIA’s Short Term Energy Outlook, June 2006 and September 2001.

5.  Los Angeles Times, “Growing Demand for Gasoline Keeps Pump Prices Climbing” (July 11, 2006)

6.  Air Transport Association, Fares v. Fuel. (http://www.airlines.org/home/default.aspx)

7.  Philadelphia Enquirer, “Wheels Just Keep Rolling Despite Cost of Gas” (July 16, 2006)

 

Oil Profits

1.  Calculated from 2^nd Quarter 2006 financial reports for ExxonMobil, BP, Royal Dutch Shell, ConocoPhillips, and ChevronTexaco.

2.  Calculated from 2^nd Quarter 2005 and 2006 financial reports for ExxonMobil, BP, Royal Dutch Shell, ConocoPhillips, and ChevronTexaco.

3.  Calculated from 2^nd Quarter 2004 and 2006 financial reports for ExxonMobil, BP, Royal Dutch Shell, ConocoPhillips, and ChevronTexaco.

4.  Annual financial reports for ExxonMobil, BP, Royal Dutch Shell, ConocoPhillips, and ChevronTexaco

5.  Annual financial reports for ExxonMobil, BP, Royal Dutch Shell, ConocoPhillips, and ChevronTexaco

6.  Annual financial reports for ExxonMobil, BP, Royal Dutch Shell, ConocoPhillips, and ChevronTexaco

7.  Annual financial reports for ExxonMobil, BP, Royal Dutch Shell, ConocoPhillips, and ChevronTexaco

8.  Wall Street Journal, “Backlash Spreads as Profits Surge at Oil Companies” (October 28, 2005)

9.  Denver Post, “Big Oil Reaps Windfall Predating Storms” (September 28, 2005)

10.  Denver Post, “Big Oil Reaps Windfall Predating Storms” (September 28, 2005)

11.  Associated Press, “Oil Industry 2Q Profits Bubble Higher” (July 21, 2006)

12.  Associated Press, “Oil Industry 2Q Profits Bubble Higher” (July 21, 2006)

13.  Congressional Research Service Memorandum to Senator Ron Wyden (July 5, 2006).  The memo examines ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell, BP, ConocoPhillips, ChevronTexaco, Valero, Sunoco, and Total SA.

14.  Congressional Research Service Memorandum to Senator Ron Wyden (July 5, 2006)

15.  Congressional Research Service Memorandum to Senator Ron Wyden (July 5, 2006)

16.  Congressional Research Service Memorandum to Senator Ron Wyden (July 5, 2006)

17.  ExxonMobil response to Questions from the Record of Joint Committee Hearing regarding Energy Pricing and Profits on November 9, 2005 with Senate Energy and Natural Resources and Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committees.

 

Gasoline

1.  EIA, Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update. (July 31, 2006) http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/gdu/gasdiesel.asp)

2.  EIA historical data for U.S. Retail Gasoline prices. (http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/wrgp/mogas_history.html)

3.  EIA historical data for U.S. Retail Gasoline prices.

4.  Calculated from references 3 and 1.

5.  EIA, This Week in Petroleum. (July 26, 2006)

6.  Alliance to Save Energy “Did you know.”  (http://www.ase.org/section/quickfacts)

7.  EIA, U.S. Product Supplied for Crude Oil and Petroleum Products. (2005) (http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_psup_dc_nus_mbbl_a.htm)

8.  EIA weekly historical data for U.S. Retail Gasoline prices.

9.  EIA weekly historical data for U.S. Retail Gasoline prices.

10.  EIA weekly historical data for U.S. Retail Gasoline prices.

11.  EIA weekly historical data for U.S. Retail Gasoline prices.

12.  EIA weekly historical data for U.S. Retail Gasoline prices.

 

Diesel

1.  EIA, Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update. (July 31, 2006)

2.  EIA, Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update. (July 31, 2006)

3.  EIA weekly historical data for U.S. On-Highway Diesel prices. (http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/wohdp/diesel.asp)4.  Calculated using references 3 and 1.

5.  American Trucking Association, “Fuel Talking Points” (September 13, 2005)

 

Transportation Fuel Costs

1.  Consumption estimates from Household Vehicles Energy Use: Latest Data and Trends; price estimate for the year from Short Term Energy Outlook. (July 11, 2006)  The EIA predicts the average price in 2006 to be $2.67 per gallon.

2.  EIA, Household Vehicles Energy Use: Latest Data and Trends, Table A2. (November 2005) (http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/rtecs/nhts_survey/2001/index.html)

3.  Calculated from references 2 and 1.

4.  Consumption estimates from Household Vehicles Energy Use: Latest Data and Trends; price estimate for the year from Short Term Energy Outlook. (July 11, 2006)

5.  Based on household annual consumption estimate from EIA, Household Vehicles Energy Use: Latest Data and Trends, Table A2.

6.  Consumer Federation of America Report, The Impact of Rising Prices on Household Gasoline Expenditures. (September 2005). (http://www.consumerfed.org)

7.  EIA, A Primer on Gasoline Prices, quoting National Petroleum News, May 2005.  (http://www.eia.doe.gov/bookshelf/brochures/gasolinepricesprimer/eia1_2005primerM.html)

8.  E85 Fuel Stations. (http://e85vehicles.com/e85-stations.htm)

9.  E85 Fuel Stations, Minnesota data. (http://e85vehicles.com/e85-minnesota.htm)

 

Electricity

1.  Energy Information Administration (EIA), Short Term Energy Outlook. (July 11, 2006) (http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/steo/pub/a4tab.html)

2.  EIA, Short Term Energy Outlook, Table A4. (July 11, 2006)

3.  EIA letter to Senator Jeff Bingaman (June 15, 2005)

4.  EIA letter to Senator Jeff Bingaman (June 15, 2005)

5.  EIA letter to Senator Jeff Bingaman (June 15, 2005)

6.  EIA letter to Senator Jeff Bingaman (June 15, 2005)

7.  Wall Street Journal, “States Power Renewable Energy Push” (June 14, 2006)

8 and 9.  109^th Congress, Vote #141, June 16, 2005; 108^th Congress, Vote #317, July 31, 2003; 107^th Congress, Vote #94, April 25, 2002.

10.  Department of Energy (DOE), Green Power Network, Green Pricing: Utility Programs by State. (July 2006) (http://www.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/markets/pricing.shtml?page=1)

11.  Associated Press, “Customers Pony Up for Renewable Energy” (July 29, 2006)

12.  Governor George W. Bush, Presidential Debate. (October 11, 2000)

13.  OMB, budget requests for Clean Coal Technology Initiative for Fiscal Years 2002 through 2007; CRS Report RL33346, Energy and Water Development: FY2007 Appropriations (May 22, 2006)

14.  OMB, Budget for Fiscal Year 2007.

 

Energy Efficiency and Conservation

1.  National Research Council report, Energy Research at DOE: Was it Worth It?  Energy Efficiency and Fossil Energy Research 1978-2000 (2001). (http://fermat.nap.edu/books/0309074487/html/6.html)

2.  Energy Star Overview of 2005 Achievements, p.2.  (http://www.energystar.gov/ia/news/downloads/2005_achievements.pdf)

3.  Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Budget for Fiscal Year 2007.

4.  OMB, Budget for Fiscal Year 2007; Congressional Research Service Issue Brief IB10020, Energy Efficiency; Budget, Oil Conservation, and Electricity Conservation Issues.  (May 25, 2006)

5.  Energy Star report Residential Energy Efficiency, Table 2. (August 2003)  (http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/downloads/energy_star_report_aug_2003.pdf)

6.  Energy Star report Residential Energy Efficiency, p. 15. (August 2003)

7.  Energy Star Overview of 2005 Achievements, p. 1.

8.  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) budget justification, Environmental Programs and Management, p. 39. (http://www.epa.gov/ocfopage/budget/2007/epm.pdf)

9.  Information from Senate Energy Committee, comparison between EPACT05 authorization levels and President’s Fiscal Year 2007 budget request.

10. Data from Innovest Strategic Value Advisors 2002, Energy Management and Investor Concerns: The Real Estate Sector.  Cited by Energy Star report Residential Energy Efficiency, p.10. (August 2003)

11.  Energy Star report Residential Energy Efficiency, p.10. (August 2003)

12.  Federal Energy Management Program. (http://eere.pnl.gov/femp)

13.  Data from staff of Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee.

14.  OMB, Budget for Fiscal Year 2007.

15.  EPA, Light Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends, 1975-2006. (July 21, 2006) (http://www.epa.gov/oms/cert/mpg/fetrends/420r06011.pdf)

16.  EPA, Light Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends, 1975-2006.

17.  EPA, Light Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends, 1975-2006.

18.  EPA, Light Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends, 1975-2006.

 

Climate Change

1.  Pew Center for Global Climate Change. (http://www.pewclimate.org/global-warming-basics/basic_science/index.cfm)

2.  Los Angeles Times, “Worsening Fire Seasons Linked to Climate Change” (July 7, 2006)

3.  Los Angeles Times, “Worsening Fire Seasons Linked to Climate Change” (July 7, 2006)

4.  Associated Press, “More than 60 Percent of U.S. in Drought” (July 29, 2006)

5.  Heinz Center for Science, Economics, and the Environment, Evaluation of Erosion Hazards. (2000) (http://www.heinzctr.org/publications.shtml#majorreports)

6. EPA, 2003.  Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2001.  Office of Atmospheric Programs, April (EPA 430-R-03-004). (http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ResourceCenterPublicationsGHGEmissionsUSEmissionsInventory2003.html)  Cited by Energy Star report Residential Energy Efficiency, p. 9. (August 2003).

7. OMB, Budget for Fiscal Year 2007, Department of Energy.

8.  World Resources Institute, Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) database, 2000 data. (http://cait.wri.org/cait.php?page=yearly&mode=view)

9.  Compares 2000 carbon dioxide emissions to projected 2006 emissions.  EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2006, Figure 108. (http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/emission.html)

10.  United Nations Statistics Division, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, thousand metric tons of CO2. (2002) (http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/mi/mi_series_results.asp?rowID=749&fID=r5&cgID=)

11.  World Resources Institute, CAIT database, 2002 data.

12.  World Resources Institute, CAIT database, 2002 data. 

13.  World Resources Institute, CAIT database, 2002 data. 

14.  World Resources Institute, CAIT database, 2002 data.

15.  EIA, International Energy Outlook 2006, reference case table 10. (h6tp://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/ieorefcase.html)

16.  EIA, International Energy Outlook 2006, reference case table 10.

17.  EIA, International Energy Outlook 2006, reference case table 10.

18.  Environmental Defense, Global Warming on the Road. (June 2006) (http://www.environmentaldefense.org/article.cfm?contentID=5300&campaign=)

19.  Environmental Defense, Global Warming on the Road (June 2006)

20.  New York Times, “Pollution from Chinese Coal Casts a Global Shadow” (June 11, 2006)

21.  New York Times, “Pollution from Chinese Coal Casts a Global Shadow” (June 11, 2006)

22.  World Resources Institute, CAIT database, 2000 data.

23.  World Resources Institute, CAIT database, 2000 data.  

24.World Resources Institute, CAIT database, 2000 data. 

25. World Resources Institute. (http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/data_tables/cli5_2005.pdf)

26. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/index.php#global)

27. Scientific American Magazine, Ice Core Extends Climate Record Back 650,000 Years. The study examined CO2 concentrations over the past 650,000 years but not beyond. (November 28, 2005) (http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=00020983-B238-1384-B23883414B7F0000)

28. New York Times, “Exxon Backs Groups that Question Global Warming” (May 28, 2003)

29. Washington Post, “Undeniable Global Warming” (December 26, 2004).

 

Heating Fuels

1.  EIA, Short Term Energy Outlook, Table WF01. (March 2006) (http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/forecasting/steo/oldsteos/mar06.pdf)

2.  EIA, Short Term Energy Outlook, Table WF01. (March 2006)

3.  Calculated from references 2 and 1.

4.  EIA, Short Term Energy Outlook, Table WF01. (March 2006)

5.  EIA, Short Term Energy Outlook, Table WF01. (March 2006)

6.  OMB, Budget for Fiscal Year 2007, Department of Health and Human Services.

7.  Energy Bill: Democratic Committee Staff Analysis. (July 27, 2005)

8.  Report of the National Energy Policy Development Group, Ch. 2, p. 3. (May 2001)  (http://www.whitehouse.gov/energy/index.html)

9.  OMB, Budget for Fiscal Year 2007, Department of Energy.

10.  OMB, Budget for Fiscal Years 2006 and 2007, Department of Energy.

11.  Data from Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee.